the Himalayas

  TheHimalayas , Nepali Himlaya, great mountain system of ASIA form a barrier btw the plateau of Tibet to the noth and the alluvial plains of the Indian subcontinent to the south.Himalays includes the heightest mountains in the world, with more than  110 peaks rising to eleviations of 24000 feet or more above sea level . One of those peaks is Mount Everest ( TIBETAN : Chomolungma ; CHINESE: Qomolangma Feng ;NEPALI : Sararmatha) , the world highest , with an elevation of 29,032 ft [8848 mtrs].

Important points for EXAM :

> Heighest point : Mount everest peak [china Nepal]

> Eleviation ; 8848M

> Length  : 2400 km

> Native name : Himalaya [sanskrit]

> countries : Bhutan , China , India , Nepal , pakistan .

< Continent ; Asia 

> Orogeny: Alpine orogeny

> Age of rock : Cretaceous to Cenozoic 

> Type of rock : Metamorphic, sedimentary

The Himalays consists of parallel mountain ranges : The Sivalik hills on the south ; the lower himalayas ranges ; the great himalayas which is the highest and the central range ; the the Tibetan himalayan 

       Division of Himalayas

Formation of Himalayas explained in Continent – Continent Convergence.

1. Shiwaliks or outer Himalayas
2. Lesser or Middle Himalayas
3. The Greater Himalayas
4. The Trans-Himalayas – Tibetan Himalayas.
5. The Eastern Hills – Purvanchal: A chain of hills in North-East India.

 Facts About Himalays 🏔

1. Third pole of the Earth 

2. Himalays are the YOUNGEST

   At about70 millionyear old, the himalays are the youngest mountain ranges in the world .

3. Home of snow that never melts

4. They are still growing

5. Himalays feed 20 % of the Earth s population

6. Mount Kailash - pilgrimage site for 4 religion

    For Tibetian Buddhism ,Hinduism , Jainism, Bon.

7. Top 59 highest peaks are in the HimalayaS

10  IMPORTANT MCQ ON HIMALAYA MOUNTAIN RANGE

1. Consider the following statements and select the correct answer from the code given below:

Assertion (A): All rivers originating from the Himalayas are perennial.

Reason (R): Himalayas receive much of their precipitation from South-Western monsoon..

 Both (A) and (B) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

B. Both (A) and (B) are true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.

D. (A) is the false, but (R) is true.

Ans:B

Explanation: The Rivers that originate from the Himalayas are very long. These rivers are perennial as they derive their water from rainfall as well as snow melt. (A) and (R) both are true but (R) does not explain the (A) correctly.

Assertion (A): Himalaya is a mountain range located in Asia, segregating the Tibetan Plateau from the Indian subcontinent

Reason (R): The Himalayan mountain range broadly includes the Hindu Kush, the Karakoram and other small mountain ranges that branch out from the Pamir Knot.

Code: Both (A) and (B) are true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.

D. (A) is the false, but (R) is true.

         Ans :A

Explanation: The Himalayan mountain range is a mountain range located in Asia, segregating the Tibetan Plateau from the Indian subcontinent. The Himalayan mountain range broadly includes the Hindu Kush, the Karakoram and other small mountain ranges that branch out from the Pamir Knot. Himalayan rivers are famous all over the world for their scenic beauties and tourist attractions located on their banks. Hence, A is the correct option.

3. Which of the following term is correctly used for the flat plain along the sub-Himalayan region in North India?

A. Tarai

B. Doon

C. Khadar

D. Bhabar

Ans :B

Explanation: Bhabar is the region south of the Lower Himalayas and the Shivalik Hills. It is the alluvial apron of sediments washed down from the Shivaliks along the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Hence, D is the correct option.

4. Shivalik Hills are part of which of the following?

A. Aravali

B. Western Ghats

C. Himalaya

D. Satpura

Ans c

Explanation: The Shivalik Hills is a mountain range of the outer Himalayas. The hills consist of 6000 meters of layered rocks. They are known as the sub-Himalayas or the foothills and were formed by the erosion caused by the rise of the Himalayas. Hence, C is the correct option.

5. The Nanda Devi is located in which of the following state?

A. Himachal Pradesh

B. Jammu & Kashmir

C. Uttarakhand

D. Uttar Pradesh

Ans: c

Explanation: Nanda Devi is a part of the Greater Himalayas, and is located in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, between the Rishiganga valley on the west and the Goriganga valley on the east. Hence, C is the correct option.

6. The Shivalik range was formed in which of the following period?

A. Eozoic

B. Pliocene

C. Mesozoic

D. Cenozoic

Ans: c

Explanation: The Shivalik Hills is a mountain range of the outer Himalayas. It was formed approximately 5-1.7 million years ago in Pliocene in Cenozoic period. Hence, B is the correct option.

7.Which of the following is not part of Himalayan Ranges?

A. Pir Panjal Range (part of middle Himalayas)

B. DhaulaDhar Range

C. Zaskar Range

D. Aravalli Range

Ans:d

Explanation: The Main Himalayan Ranges are Pir Panjal Range; DhaulaDhar Range; Zaskar Range; Ladakh Range; East Korakoram Range; Mahabharata range (middle Himalayas in Nepal). The Aravalli range is the oldest mountain range in India, running across Rajasthan to Haryana and Himalaya’s mountain range is younger than Aravalli Range. Hence, D is the correct option.

8. Which of the following is not the loftiest mountain peak of the Himalayas Mountain?

A. Kula Kangri

B. Chomolhari

C. Mt. Abu

D. Manaslu

Ans: c

Explanation: Kula Kangri, Chomolhari and Manaslu are the loftiest mountain peak of the Himalayas Mountain. Mount Abu is a popular hill station in the Aravalli Range in Sirohi district of Rajasthan state in western India, near the border with Gujarat.

9. What was the ancient name of Shivalik Hills?

A. Manak Parbat

B. Mahabharata Hills

C. Shiva Parvat

D. None of the above

Ans:a

Explanation: Shivalik Hills is known as "Manak Parbat" in ancient times. The word "Shivalik" literally means ‘tresses of Lord Shiva’. Other spelling variations used include Shiwalik and Siwalik, originating from the Hindi and Nepali language. Other names include ‘Churia Hills’, ‘Chure Hills’ and ‘Margalla Hills’.

10. Which one of the only regions of the Shivaliks to preserve its flora and fauna?

A. Doon

B. Duar

C. National Park

D. Patli Dun

Ans:d

Explanation: The ‘Patli Dun’, forms part of the Corbett National Park, is one of the only regions of the Shivaliks to preserve its flora and fauna. The valleys are roofed with thick grasslands and the slopes have lush Sal forests. Hence, D is the correct option.