THE HINDU NEWSPAPER Analysis 10 feb 2022

The Hindu Newspaper today 10 feb 2022 and Analysis of  the Hindu download pdf 

The Hindu E paper Download in pdf

Download Hand written notes pdf The Hindu Analysis 10 Feb 2022 here

1) Scientists set new record in fusion energy

Nuclear fusion 

• Occurs when atomic nuclei collide ate xtremely high temperatures. • Forming a new, heavier nucleus and releasing energy.

Process •

 Atoms of Tritium and Deuterium. • Unite under extreme pressure and Temperature. • Produce a neutron and a helium isotope. • Enormous amount of energy.

Mechanism

• Sun & stars - hydrogen atoms fuse together t o form helium - matter is converted into energy. • Changes from a gas to a plasma.

 • Negatively-charged electrons are separated from the positively - charged atomic nuclei. 

• Difficulty - repulsive electrostatic forces between the positively charged nuclei prevent from getting close enough together to collide.

 • Favourable condition - increased temperature, causing the ions to move faster and reach speeds high enough to bring the ions close.

• Sun - massive gravitational forces create the right conditions for fusion. 

• Earth - hard to achieve such condition. • Isotopes of hydrogen, must be heated to extreme temperatures near to 50 million degrees Celsius. 

• Must be kept stable under intense pressure.

 • Aim of controlled fusion - to achieve ignition- to become self-sustaining.

 • Net energy yield - about four times as nuclear fission.

News 

• Scientists in UK - achieved imitating the way energy is produced in the sun. 

• Joint European Torus - generated 59 megajoules of sustained energy. 

• 1Kg of fusion fuel - 10 million times as much energy as a kilogram of coal, oil or gas. • Fusion energy reactor - tokamak. 

• Deuterium and tritium - heated to temperatures 10

times hotter than the centre of the sun to create plasma.

 • Held in place using superconductor electromagnets.

• Boost for ITER.

 ITER - international nuclear fusion research and engineering mega-project.

 China, the European Union, India,

Japan, South Korea, Russia and the

U.S.

2) More women got maternity benefits

Principle

 • Under - nutrition - adversely affect majority of women.

 • Every third woman - undernourished and every

second woman - anaemic. 

• Economic and social distress – leads to women working till last days of pregnancy. 

• Women resume work immediately after giving birth – body wont permit, inability to

exclusively breastfeed.

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana 

• Introduced in 2017. 

• Ministry of Women and Child Development

. • Conditional cash transfer scheme.

 • Beneficiaries

 All pregnant women and lactating mothers.

 Having their pregnancy on or after January

01, 2017 for the first child in the family.

Incentives

•  Cash incentive of Rs. 5,000.

•  Provided for the first living child of the family for fulfilling the specific maternal and child health conditions.

•  Total sum of Rs. 6,000.

 Remaining cash incentive (of Rs. 1,000) is provided under Janani Suraksha Yojana(JSY) after institutional delivery.

3)India's mRNA vaccine likely by April

• Vaccines - help prepare the body to fight foreign invaders. • Contain a weakened or dead bacteria or virus. • mRNA - uses a molecule called messenger RNA. • mRNA - a type of RNA that is necessary for protein production. • Uses the information in genes to create a blueprint for making proteins. 

• After producing protein - cells break down the mRNA.

Mechanism

1. Application in the muscle

 Enter the muscle cells - instruct the cells’ machinery to produce a harmless piece of spike protein.

 Spike protein - sharp bumps that protrude from 

the surface of their outer envelopes.

 After spike protein is made, cells break down the 

mRNA and remove it.

2. Cells display protein in the surface Immune system recognizes as foreign body.

 Triggers the immune system to produce

antibodies.

3. Body - learnt to protect against future

infection.

Uses • Ebola, Zika virus, and influenza. • Treatment for cancer. • Melanoma. • Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, or diabetes.

4) Central Media Accreditation Guidelines 2022 • Accreditation of journalists - PIB accreditation.

 Facilitates access to information from the Government sources.

 Allows access to government offices in Delhi.

 Cover events attended by the PM and the President.

 Access to media workroom and the PIB library. • Major change - grounds for withdrawal or suspension of accreditation.

Central Newsmedia Accreditation Guidelines, 2013

6.8 Accreditation shall be withdrawn as soon as the

conditions on which it was given cease to exist.

Accreditation is also liable to be withdrawn/suspended

if it is found to have been misused.

CONSTITUTION OF INDIA 

19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of

speech, etc.—

(1) All citizens shall have the right—

(a) to freedom of speech and expression;

(b) to assemble peaceably and without arms;

(c) to form associations or unions 2 [or co-operative

societies];

(d) to move freely throughout the territory of India;

(2) Nothing in sub-clause (a) of clause (1) shall affect the

operation of any existing law, or prevent the State

from making any law, in so far as such law imposes

reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the right

conferred by the said sub-clause in the interests of 4

[the sovereignty and integrity of India], the security

of the State, friendly relations with foreign States,

public order, decency or morality, or in relation to

contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an

offence.

Article 19 (1) provides the Freedom of Press

under the Right to Freedom of speech and

expression. • Article 19(2) - restrictions to free speech.

Concerns • Guidelines serve as censorship rules rather than guidelines.

 Conditions can be subjective.

 Reports of the media criticizing the Government could

be seen as prejudicial to the interests of the country.

 Will force journalists to be not critical of the govt. -threat in the way of the functioning of free media. • Guidelines proscribe than prescribe.

 • Genuine reports could be delegitimized. • Defamation as a ground for cancellation of accreditation

- could be used as intimidation against journalists.

• Conditions depend on the interpretation and discretion. 

• India’s lowest position in the World

Press Freedom Index (WPFI) 2021.  India ranked at 142nd position.

 Criticism - India is one of the world’s most dangerous countries for journalists trying to do their job properly.

 Journalists attack - police violence, ambush by political activists, and reprisals instigatedby criminal groups or corrupt local officials.